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Mountains Beyond Mountains by Tracy Kidder

By Tamatha | Posted Under Book Reviews | Comments (45)



farmerdadf.jpg

Mountains Beyond Mountains by Tracy Kidder is the sort of book that you might avoid out of fear of spending hours curled up in a little ball crushed by the horrendous injustice in the world or shaking with rage and ranting incoherently for the same reason, but it’s not. While it’s true that Kidder, in his portrait of the amazing work that Paul Farmer and his cohorts at Partners in Health (PIH) do, doesn’t shy away from the inexcusable conditions in Haiti (and Peru and the prisons of Russia, and elsewhere), I found the book to be mostly hopeful. Which, I think, is Farmer’s point.

At some point in the book, one of the PIH members uses the following quote from Margaret Mead, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it’s the only thing that ever does.” And that perfectly encapsulates what PIH does.

For those who are unfamiliar with Partners in Health, it is a public health organization bringing much needed health care to some of the poorest people in the world. Their mission is to “provide a preferential option for the poor in health care.” The work that they do is amazing (yes, I am going to use that word at least 17 times in this review) and addresses the fact that providing health care to the impoverished can’t happen in a vacuum, and therefore, they provide other support, as well, to make it possible for their clients to follow through on the steps they need to take for better health.

Mountains Beyond Mountains specifically focuses on Paul Farmer, the founder of PIH, his life story, how he came to design PIH’s public health care model, and the work that PIH does. It’s fascinating. Not surprisingly, Farmer had an unusual upbringing, and I think that helped him to have a different perspective both on his life choices, but also an ability to look beyond and challenge some of the health care paradigms. While it is true that it is unwise to compare oneself to Farmer (you’ll just feel bad and unaccomplished), one of the points of the book is that no one should — even he thinks this. As a founding member of PIH, Jim Kim, is quoted as saying, “If Paul is the model, we’re fucked.” Meaning, that holding yourself up to Farmer’s personal standard is impossible. Instead, you have to find a level of commitment that works for you. Burning out doesn’t help anyone.

The work that Farmer and PIH does flies in the face of conventional health care wisdom regarding what is possible. And I found it totally uplifting to know that this committed group of citizens really is making a change in the world. Although it’s easy to be cynical about the state things and how people treat other human beings, cynicism doesn’t bring about change. And that’s what is refreshing about PIH, these are people doing the impossible. I strongly recommend Mountains Beyond Mountains. It’s eye-opening and engrossing. And I think it’s the best way to find out the how and why of Partners in Health.

If you’d like to find out more about PIH, you can check out their website:

(And if you feel compelled to donate while you’re there, that’d be amazing.)

This review is part of the Cannonball Read series. For more of Tamatha’s reviews, check out her blog, Baboon-Faced Gourd.









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Comments

Good review. This book is terrific, and very apropos to what is going on today in Haiti, giving a portrait of the frustrations endured in the third world.

Posted by: Mickey at January 14, 2010 8:27 AM

Given the recent tragedy in Haiti, PIH, which is uniquely situated to bring health care and other kinds of aid to the people of Haiti, could really, really use your help. So, if you could visit their web site and donate even a few dollars, it would help a lot. And please pass let others know that they can help too.

Posted by: tamatha at January 14, 2010 9:09 AM

A short rant from an over-educated reader: people don't starve to death because there isn't enough food, they starve to death because the political system they are in doesn't allow them an adequate entitlement to food. So Mao was exporting food the whole way through the famine in the Cultural Revolution, and the Irish were starving and exporting potatoes simultaneously. And access to healthcare is I think analogous - the poor don't have access to adequate healthcare because of the healthcare entitlement associated with the political system they find themselves in.

So the way to stop famines or poor healthcare systems isn't just to import food or doctors, its to change what they are entitled to by changing political systems.

Anyway, this kind of well-intentioned philanthropy is commendable, and says a lot of good things about the personal characteristics of the people involved, but tends to be a bit of a waste of time. And I do development work in Africa as an economist, so I have seen a bit too much effort wasted on this kind of bullshit, while the real problems go neglected, so it pushes my buttons.

Also, as previously mentioned, I am a bit over-educated.

Posted by: saartjie at January 14, 2010 9:58 AM

This book was assigned to my class as 'first year experience' reading before we got to college, so I spent freshman orientation discussing it with 600 eighteen year olds. I really wish I hadn't read it with a lot of people who didn't give a shit and who just made fun of the book, because I think I would have gotten a lot more out of the book than I ended up with had I read it on my own.

What did strike me is that the problem isn't getting supplies to Haiti, it's getting supplies and care directly to the people who need it instead of the people who are just closest to relief efforts.

Posted by: That Girl at January 14, 2010 10:09 AM

Saartjie: I hear you, but although I believe Paul Farmer understood the important role that poltics played in this, he decided that rather than sit by and watch poor people die, he would initiate a grass roots effort to do what he could. A broad-brush political solution might work better, but often dies on the vine in the third world.

Posted by: Mickey at January 14, 2010 10:14 AM

saartjie - It sounds like you've neither read the book nor are terribly familiar with PIH, because they're not about philanthropy, they're about empowering Haitians and addressing health care as a larger social and economic issue. Most of their staff in Haiti are Haitians. PIH is addressing the real problems. I think if you did a bit more research, you'd find that you're perspectives and experience are in line with PIH's.

Posted by: tamatha at January 14, 2010 10:33 AM

Damn. Of course that should be "your" not "you're."

Posted by: tamatha at January 14, 2010 10:33 AM

Hey Mickey and tamatha - I basically have a kneejerk reaction to this stuff. Despite all the intellectualising going on in my first comment, its mostly just that it irritates me. I mean, I know the people involved are probably/mostly saintly and self-sacrificing, and are probably/mostly doing their best and being pragmatic, its just the futility of it that gets to me. And the enormous amount of wasted resources.

Like I said, part of my job is doing development economics work in sub-Saharan Africa. So often in my job I'll see an under-performing state system being more-or-less ignored, while some idealistic scheme funded by foreign aid gets loads of attention. And the state system is supposed to serve 90% of the population and the idealistic scheme is making 100 people better off, and its just so disproportionate.

And ja, its difficult to get political systems to change, and outsiders struggle to get traction, but hey, just because these are the difficult fights to win doesn't mean they aren't still the most important things to do.

Posted by: saartjie at January 14, 2010 10:44 AM

... so I suppose for me stuff like this is like putting a flower arrangement on top of a mound of garbage - its nice, and its pretty, and it changes nothing. So ja, go ahead and do it, its great, but don't kid yourself that you are changing the world.

Posted by: saartjie at January 14, 2010 10:47 AM

saartjie for the Knock The Wind Out of Your Sails Before You Leave the Port Award.

Posted by: Snuggiepants the Deathbringer at January 14, 2010 11:01 AM

saartjie, the problem with rants like yours is that it makes most people who might have been gearing up to at least try to do something sit back down again and say, "Well, in that case, what's the fucking point? I may as well not do anything at all, since what I COULD do, which is research some charitable organizations that are TRYING to do some good for the actual people who are oppressed, and give them a few bucks towards attempting to do that, is totally and utterly futile, and since I have no idea HOW TO CHANGE AN ENTIRE NATION'S POLITICAL SYSTEM, as the average person doesn't, well then I'm going to keep my $10 and sit on the couch eating some more potato chips and playing video games and doing NOTHING AT ALL, not even that little bit that might have helped one person in the short term." Which seems to me even more pointless than putting some flowers on top of the garbage pile.

Look, I see that you're frustrated by it, but telling people to stop doing the little they can do isn't going to help anything either, is my point. How exactly would you suggest that the average person change the political structure of Haiti so that groups like PIH are unnecessary?

Posted by: Anna von Beaverpuppet at January 14, 2010 11:28 AM

As one of those type of people who will use any excuse to sit back down and say "what's the point?", I highly agree with AvB. Yes, in a lot of cases, it doesn't help as much as you think it does, but it does help a little bit. If only one person: you. If you donated a little bit now, you feel good about yourself. You become aware of issues outside of yourself. You start to get more involved, because you want to think of yourself as that kind of person. Years down the road, you are the head of a charitable foundation based in that country that is helping the poor and hungry while campaigning for social and political change so that the help comes from within as well as without.

Never discredit what snowball is used to start the avalanche rolling.

Posted by: Shadows of Dakaron at January 14, 2010 11:45 AM

Yeah, what AvB said.

Honestly, saartjie, I am telling you Paul Farmer and the folks at PIH *get* that you have to do things locally. They take a holistic approach and have made things better for a *whole area* of Haiti, the Central Plateau, where believe it or not, the folks are in worse shape than Port au Prince. Farmer *still* makes house calls to patients all over the plateau, for Godtopus' sake! PIH is the epitome of grassroots, of getting help to the people, an ever growing number of people. They do what other organizations have considered impossible. And their administrative overhead is only 6%--that means money given to this organization really goes to the people.

I get that you are jaded and burned out and that you come by that honestly, but believe me, pissing all over PIH, especially when you don't seem to know how they do their work, isn't helping anyone.

Seriously, Pajibans, if you want to do something, if you feel completely overwhelmed and it all seems so futile, Partners in Health is the organization for you. They defy conventional wisdom. And if you don't believe me, check out their web site, read Mountains Beyond Mountains, do your own research.

Oh, and here's an op-ed piece from Kidder that gets to the heart of the matter.

So yeah, if you have a couple of dollars, please, please, please send them to PIH. You really will be helping.

Posted by: tamatha at January 14, 2010 11:49 AM

This is all addressed in "Superman: Peace On Earth" by Paul Dini and Alex Ross. Now don't be such a fucking cynic.

Posted by: Jay at January 14, 2010 12:10 PM

Ok, now I'm really going to stir - hehehehehe.

One of the things that grates about this kind of charity is that its always noble whitey sailing in to save the black folk. As I understand it America has a pretty shitty healthcare system of its own, maybe ya'll could focus on sorting that out first. Alternatively, please lobby your government to stop with the tied aid. You know, the stuff where American aid to places like Haiti is all spent on American goods and services, and then exported to Haiti to crowd out local providers.

And that, Snuggiepants, is how to knock the fucking ship over. While changing the parts of the political system that you can actually reach.

Posted by: saartjie at January 14, 2010 1:10 PM

And while I'm at it, large parts of America and Europe subsidize agriculture. Which crowds out agriculture exports from the third world, which could be a major engine of growth. Lobbying for free trade in agricultural goods and a reduction in your domestic subsidies is again something that people in the first world can do which would make a tangible difference.

Posted by: saartjie at January 14, 2010 1:14 PM

(that one was more for you, ms beaverpuppet)

Posted by: saartjie at January 14, 2010 1:16 PM

dammit, I was too hectic, now no-one will play with me... this is the real reason I'm single, right? mumble mumble mumble...

Posted by: saartjie at January 14, 2010 1:29 PM

I'm sorry...are you arguing against altruism?

Here's a scenario:

Joe Blow (who is white) is sitting on his couch after a long day at work at the Hyundai plant, when the news break comes up about Haiti in trouble and earthquakes and people going hungry. He has okay health insurance (that he pays for), and his kids are doing pretty good going to the local public school. He thinks, "I should do something for those people...I'm not in a bad spot. I can send em twenty bucks and maybe some canned food." He gets up to call the number on the screen.

In your opinion...this is bad? He shouldn't want to help someone else? He has major pull in his government/healthcare system/agricultural union, obviously, and so he should not send anything, not help in any way, but write a fucking letter to his congressman?

Yes, you're right...a lot has to be changed. Legislation, corruption, edging out small businesses. But what is the little man on the totem pole supposed to do about helping people who need more than he does right now?

Posted by: Shadows of Dakaron at January 14, 2010 1:36 PM

chicken portion (aka SoD), I was talking about the book, not the earthquake. The book is about healthcare provision on an ongoing basis, not emergency relief. Which is a different kettle of fish. Mainly though, I was ranting, letting my hair down, behaving fairly badly, etc.

Posted by: saartjie at January 14, 2010 1:44 PM

Jesopus, saartjie, you're a lost fucking cause. But I will waste my breath one last time. Paul Farmer and the folks at PIH are on the same wavelength as you in many ways. Yes, he is white, but he saw people in need--he picked Haiti on purpose, because it is the poorest country in this hemisphere--and found a way to make a real difference. If you'd actually read the book, you'd see that you are throwing stones at the wrong organization here. They discuss all of the issues you are raising.

On the other hand, I'm not sure it'd make a difference; you've made up your mind that *all* NGOs are the same and therefore should be dismissed out of hand.

And that's how you've managed to make all of your points seem invalid. Too bad. There's some actual truth in there.

Posted by: tamatha at January 14, 2010 1:47 PM

Hey tamatha, I think we're talking past each other at this point (or have been doing so all along). I completely agree that this guy is doing something good, I just think that emphasizing the NGO stuff at the expense of the real change that is needed is mistaken and a waste of limited resources. And my personal definition of a third world hero is more along the lines of the story in Michela Wrong's "It's Our Turn to Eat: The Story of a Kenyan Whistleblower." Anyway, peace out, I am going to bed now.

And dude, I kept my sense of humour here, which is more than you can say.

Posted by: saartjie at January 14, 2010 2:02 PM

Saartjie: I will send you my five dollars instead. Please change the political system for me. Thanks.

Posted by: Mickey at January 14, 2010 2:16 PM

Oh my bad, I didn't realize my donation wasn't wanted, considering that I'm "whitey" and all. God forbid someone mistake my want to help people in a horrific situation as "whitey sailing in to help the black folk".
Would someone kindly remind me of this the next time there is a natural disaster in an area mostly populated with non-whiteys so I can be sure to keep my donation to my whitey self, so that nobody thinks that I'm trying to look like a hero and the REAL philanthropists can sail in and save the day. My sincere apologies to anyone I may have offended with my donation to a charity that apparently doesn't do much good, anyway.
I thought doing something was better than doing nothing. Silly me.

Posted by: Whorish Mouth at January 14, 2010 2:17 PM

Hmm, I didn't realize that "keeping a sense of humor" means: complimenting yourself multiple times, needlessly bringing race into the discussion, attacking the US health system, calling people "chicken portion" (Seriously, WTF?), and refusing to acknowledge other's points. My bad, I guess I'm not over-educated enough.

I would suggest going back and looking over what people are saying in response to your knee-jerk reaction, which is that PIH agrees with a lot of what you're saying and are doing what they can to implement those ideas. For crying out loud.

Posted by: Katers at January 14, 2010 2:17 PM

PIH's compound is up and running and do more for the people of Haiti today than any other NGO, even the Red Cross. As we saw with Katrina, any country anywhere can have a complete breakdown in times of natural disaster. NGO fill a crucial gap in the bureaucracy of providing support. Saartjie has a point, but while we are waiting on the world to change (oh yeah I just quoted the ultimate dbag-suck it), getting people fed and safe is my first priority and that of the people of PIH as well.

Posted by: Jennifer at January 14, 2010 2:52 PM

What about the yellow people? Does anyone want our help?

*crickets*

In that case, I'll feel free to do as I please and donate to the charity of my choice. Maybe it won't solve the problem of poverty permanently, but it might help one person survive one more day.

Posted by: Jelinas at January 14, 2010 3:35 PM

Good grief, I have to go do actual work at work for an hour or two and I come back and it done gone and exploded in here.

One of the things that grates about this kind of charity is that its always noble whitey sailing in to save the black folk.

Ok, saartjie, I'm going to totally call you out on this here. Naturally, I cannot speak for every person, but I think that for the most part, skin color does not even enter into the equation. I mean, I can at least tell you that i didn't sit here watching my news program saying "Gosh, look at all those poor black folk. Well, I guess it's up to me to save them" but more "Holy shit, those people have lost EVERYTHING. They have no homes, they have no food, they have no idea if their family members have survived, and they can't even do anything about it; they can't call anywhere and they can't go anywhere. God, I wish I could do something for them." My heart ached as they pulled bodies out from under rubble. I want to help. But, dude, it's not because they're "poor black folk", it's because they're human beings who've just suffered a terrible tragedy. (P.S. I'm not saying I'm so naive as to think there's no racial inequality or disparity; I'm alive, and awake on a daily basis, and I have eyeballs.) Do you mean to suggest white people should do nothing? Or that white people do this kind of thing because it makes them look good?

Dude (and I keep calling you dude; sorry about that. The habit is strong. I grew up in the 80s, you see), the thing is this: I don't even know the mayor of my town, let alone anybody in any kind of position to do any lobbying, LET ALONE being in a position to do any lobbying myself. My social group is in the same boat I am, including not having the money to organize such a movement. And writing a letter to my Congressperson seems EVEN MORE futile than these types of organizations being in place; by the time he gets his head out of his self-serving ass long enough to read it, I'll be dead and gone. Not only that, but it seems, and it may not be the case but it's certainly how it seems, if Paul Farmer stopped doing what he's doing and started lobbying, nothing would happen. The people of Haiti would suffer even more, and still nothing would be done about it. Actually, even more nothing would be done. It's not an attractive cause to get behind, like guns or drugs or tobacco. And (and here's the biggest problem) there's no money in it. There's no kickbacks to be had. As far as I can tell, most of Congress cares about the money they can put in their pockets; since there's none in Haiti, why bother?

Oh, Jesus, I do go on, don't I? Why doesn't anyone ever stop me?!
Also, WTH is "chicken portion"?! Is that some kinda lingo popular with the kids these days?

Posted by: Anna von Beaverpuppet at January 14, 2010 3:35 PM

Oh, DAMMIT. Jelinas, the yellow people can help me. If you send me $5, I could probably learn how to close my html tags.

Posted by: Anna von Beaverpuppet at January 14, 2010 3:39 PM

What about us latinos? Is our dollar any good around you rich white folks?

Posted by: Shadows of Dakaron at January 14, 2010 3:52 PM

Shadows, you can send me all the dollars you want.

Wait, what *kind* of Latino are you?

Posted by: Anna von Beaverpuppet at January 14, 2010 3:57 PM

Jelinas - one of the co-founders of PIH, Jim Kim, is a person of the yellow persuasion too, so if you decided that you wanted to support Partners in Health, you'd be helping two kinds of brothers out, as it were.

Shadows - one of the countries that PIH works in is Peru, and once the Peruvians pass over into the US, they become Latinos, right? So you too could support Partners in Health knowing you were supporting the larger Latino community.

See how I can make it all come back to why PIH is the NGO for you?

Posted by: tamatha at January 14, 2010 4:20 PM

You're so smart, tamatha.

Posted by: Shadows of Dakaron at January 14, 2010 4:38 PM

I read this book a number of years ago... and it is the reason that I made my donation to them as opposed to other organizations. Being a grassroots, in the trenches organizaiton makes them more entrenched to what people need than just the fly-by-night (and necessary!) groups like the Red Cross and whatever Wyclef is doing...

Posted by: El L Cool J at January 14, 2010 5:09 PM

Anyone can send this whitey any dollars they want. I have a paypal account.

Posted by: Snuggiepants the Deathbringer at January 14, 2010 5:41 PM

saartjie "Also, as previously mentioned, I am a bit over-educated."

Forget Haiti, there's a real tragedy. Talk about wasted resources.

MBM is a wonderful book and Farmer is fascinating. He spends his entire life trying to save the wretched of the earth and is kind of hyper-aware of how annoying this makes him.

Posted by: Abby at January 14, 2010 6:32 PM

I sure seem to have flipped the stroopwaffle a bit, eh? In my own defense, I am a bit over-educated. If I knew less about the world, I might feel as the rest of you do. Also, as previously mentioned, I am a bit over-educated. So there's that.

Did I mention that I am over-educated?

Posted by: saartjie at January 14, 2010 7:05 PM

Okay, be honest - you're basically you're smarter then everyone else, and everyone here believes in NGO's and humanitarianism because they're too stupid to know better.
Which is a ridiculously incorrect and arrogant thing to state.
I am willing to bet many people here have as much or more education then you and still manage to realistic about these things.
Being a condescending jerk is not a great way to get people to buy your argument.

Posted by: Marianne at January 14, 2010 7:23 PM

And my typos are embarrassing ...

Posted by: Marianne at January 14, 2010 7:24 PM

Age is not important. http://AgelessMeet.com/ gives you the chance to seek your like-minded soul mates. Try it and you won't be disappointed.

Posted by: Betty at January 14, 2010 10:55 PM

Betty for the win. ;)

Posted by: Whorish Mouth at January 15, 2010 7:52 AM

Now I want a portion of chicken.

Posted by: admin at January 15, 2010 11:44 AM

I'm delurking for the first time, a day late and a dollar short. Wished I'd seen this post when it was still active, but here's my two cents anyway.

I'm one of the doctors in question--I don't spend the majority of my time doing disaster relief or medical missions, but I have gone overseas to do medical mission work. My day job is in a community clinic in Michigan, which as you may or may not know has the worst economy in the country, so I know full well that you don't have to go real far from your own doorstep to find a broken system or people in need. The majority of my patients are un- or under-insured. Many of them pay about 0-$10 for their visits. Many of them get some of their groceries from the free food pantry that we run. Many of them are deciding on a daily basis if they should buy healthy food or their heart medicine, but can't do both. Many of them are now or have been homeless. But from what I've seen overseas, my patients are still in a much better position than lots of folks in other places.

While doing work in impoverished nations, or in a poor community clinic in Michigan for that matter, I think it's very easy to think that the tiny bit of good that you can do is ultimately meaningless in the grand scheme of things. And maybe it is, but it all depends on your frame of reference. It's not my job to change the whole world. It's my job to change just the tiny corner of the world that I live in. And even if the world as a whole isn't any better at the end of my day, if my world got a little bit better, and the world of one or two patients, then my day wasn't a waste of time.

Ultimately, I think saartjie is right on several points. But the real point isn't to pick one approach over the other. You can still give $10 to the Red Cross or PIH or whomever, AND you can write a letter to your congressman and try to change the overarching political system, if you're in any position to do so.

(And, for the record, I'm not and never will be mistaken for a "noble whitey")

Posted by: roundapples at January 16, 2010 1:51 PM

You can still give $10 to the Red Cross or PIH or whomever, AND you can write a letter to your congressman and try to change the overarching political system

Niiiiice. Why the hell couldn't you do both? Absolutely no reason whatsoever. Well stated, roundapples.

Posted by: Anna von Beaverpuppet at January 17, 2010 4:46 PM

Don't have anything new to add to the discussion - Roundapples, you are spot on.

Tamatha - thank you for introducing me to this wonderful organization. I made a donation and now don't feel quite as impotent in the wake of this disaster.

Posted by: Groovy Violet at January 17, 2010 5:00 PM


















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