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Kick in the Township Rebellion

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie / Jennifer McKeown

At only 14-years-old, Arnold Spirit is already an accomplished survivor. Born with water on the brain, he suffers from brain damage. He formed ten extra teeth. His vision is horrible and he experiences debilitating headaches and seizures. He stutters and lisps. As if these problems aren’t bad enough already, Arnold’s also sporting an abnormally large head. Obviously, Arnold’s flaws make him a target of derision.

But his problems don’t end with his physical defects. Arnold and his family live on the Spokane Indian Reservation and must cope with the extreme poverty and alcoholism that plague everyone living on the rez. Arnold’s diary helps him understand his problems; in it, he explains the vicious cycle of poverty and alcoholism experienced by reservation Indians by writing that

It sucks to be poor, and it sucks to feel that you somehow deserve to be poor. You start believing that you’re poor because you’re stupid and ugly. And then you start believing that you’re stupid and ugly because you’re Indian. And because you’re Indian you start believing you’re destined to be poor. It’s an ugly circle and there’s nothing you can do about it.

Arnold, however, is going to do what no one else in his family has ever done before: he’s determined to break the cycle and escape the rez. He will not be defined by his past: Arnold Spirit will change his destiny.

After an altercation with a teacher, Arnold realizes that attending the all-white school over 20 miles away is his only hope. Desperate to attend a school that can provide him with the education he needs to escape the reservation, Arnold makes the daily trek to the neighboring school. His journey isn’t easy: some days his father is too drunk to drive him to school; other days, no one has money for gas. Sometimes Arnold hitches a ride into town, and sometimes he doesn’t make it at all.

Getting there is, of course, only part of the problem. Leaving the rez has made him an outcast, and he’s rejected by his fellow Native Americans at the same time he’s rejected by his new classmates. Furthermore, a series of personal tragedies continue to kick him when he’s down, each one caused in some way by the alcoholism that plagues the community. He won’t succumb to despair, however. Arnold copes by writing in his diary, allowing him to both escape and confront his problems. The result is Sherman Alexie’s first novel for young adults, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, which is also based on the author’s own experiences.

Using a blend of wit and wisdom that is perfectly tuned to a young-adult audience, Alexie chronicles Arnold’s first year of high school and his determination to take control of his life. Arnold’s diary is also a vehicle for the budding cartoonist in him to emerge, and Arnold will often illustrate key scenes from his life. Arnold explains that words are too limited and unpredictable and his cartoons, which he feels are the only way for him to better his life, “are tiny little lifeboats” in a world that is “a series of broken dams and floods.”

Since The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is a novel for young adults, the prose is simple and light. While there are frequent moments of insight that add depth to the tale, Alexie perfectly mimics the voice of a ninth grader, and it is easy to believe that a 14-year-old has written the book. Readers will be pleased that, despite the overwhelming sense of hopelessness in many scenes, the overall tone of the book is upbeat and optimistic, and several scenes elicit genuine laughter. Even in his darkest moments, Arnold never succumbs to despair and provides an example of healthy coping, making The Absolutely True Diary a great read for teens. Furthermore, the illustrations are humorous and do not overpower the book; they do not appear too frequently and provide a nice complement to the text.

Adult readers will find The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian to be a light, enjoyable read that won’t rock their worlds but will provide an enjoyable way to spend an afternoon. Young adults will find an insightful tale that humorously confronts issues of identity and hardship. Readers of all ages can benefit from the novel’s message: our past need not define us. It is never too late to change your destiny.

Jennifer McKeown reads way too much and blogs about her experiences over at Bibliolatry.


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Comments

This book sounds wonderful for my classroom. I've always loved Sherman Alexie and a kid-friendly book about rez life would be greatly appreciated by many of my students.

Thanks for a new book!

Posted by: tncunnin at April 30, 2008 12:04 PM

I loved this book! I had hoped to read it with my 9th-grade students, but some of the language is a little too graphic for middle america. At one point in the book, Arnold writes about how he could win a gold medal in Olympic Masturbation. So, instead of reading the book, I showed the kids some of the artwork and used it as a springboard for them to draw and write about themselves. A few kids went on their own to read the book (I hyped it pretty well), and they all liked it too. I know Alexie gets mixed reviews from Native audiences, but I think he's at his strongest when he writes from personal experience, as he does here. It's a book that's humorous and heart-breaking and perfectly captures being 14.

Posted by: idgiepug at April 30, 2008 12:08 PM

"Readers of all ages can benefit from the novel's message: our past need not define us. It is never too late to change your destiny."

Having spent time amongst Native Americans who view their reservation as an independent nation, who have passports of their own that they fight to get recognized, who cite treaties with the Federal Government that are completely ignored, I can tell you that the summarization of the novel's message of "escaping" the reservation as "our past need not define us" could be highly controversial. I have no doubt that this book will be seen by many as representation of a defeatist, assimilationist attitude which will lead to the further dissolution of Native rights and the eventual loss of all semblance of sovereignty and culture. And the eventual extinction of their race.

They will say that the attitude should be to improve the reservations, fix the education system, and promote cultural pride, rather than abandoning it all and joining the outside. I suspect that the main demographic for this book would be Native American Young Adults, and I know that the people I know will have a huge problem with that sort of defeatist material being aimed at precisely the people they need to inspire.

These people are struggling to maintain their past, to keep their Native languages alive, to retain their cultural awareness - to survive - and need very much to be defined by their past to do so. To be defined otherwise is cultural suicide.

...So, anybody have any thoughts?

Posted by: Bucko at April 30, 2008 12:27 PM

Bucko, you're probably right in that the views espoused in terms of escaping the rez and changing your your destiny will be controversial... which is somewhat sad. Escaping the rez doesn't have to mean abandoning your cultural roots or slouching towards self-induced genocide. Not having your past define you doesn't mean giving up your roots.

It should mean escaping the cycle of alcoholism, self-destruction, and self-loathing that many inhabitants of reservations have. It should mean that you can have all of the good things associated with your culture, while ejecting the negative ones that have been either forced upon you, or come about as a consequence of history.

Sherman Alexie has always been a brilliant writer. It's nice to see him reaching out to a generation that will hopefully have a better future than their parents' past.

Posted by: TK at April 30, 2008 12:48 PM

The Native American truly has a majestic and proud history, they are indeed the true founders of America. They are a mighty people with a mighty voice with a deep understanding of there complex and unique position within the American framework. Sometimes when I would get my check from the day labor boss I would go cash it, and head straight over to the reservation and get me a couple of them squaws and take them to a cheap motel for some fun. After a while I would send one of them young bitches to get us some food and some fire water to drink, all in all everybody had a good time. I think America has a great debt that is owed to these proud people, racism and prejudice have no place in America and I think we all should strive to end what divides all Americans. We can all stand together or we can all fall apart.

Posted by: Pookie at April 30, 2008 12:49 PM

/WANT.

It's like the anti-Nick Twisp, but with the same message of going for what you want, and weathering the storms. Of course, I'd be less hesitant to give this book to my little sister...

Posted by: that bees chick at April 30, 2008 1:22 PM

bees; you may be interested, if you haven't read it, in 'An Abundance of Katherines.' I haven't read it but a bunch of people I know say it's pretty good.

I still need to read 'Flight.' Damn.

Posted by: twig at April 30, 2008 1:27 PM

I'm not so sure Alexie was aiming at a specifically Native audience. Any kid could identify with feeling out of place or lonely or struggling to define yourself outside of your family. It might have a special appeal to kids living in poverty, but most of my students are white and priveleged, and they liked it. As I read, I thought a lot about my grandparents who moved from tobacco-growing backwoods Kentucky to take factory jobs in Indiana so they could put their kids through college. I think Alexie's message goes beyond the rez. I might feel differently had I grown up there myself, though.

Posted by: idgiepug at April 30, 2008 1:45 PM

"An Abundance of Katherines" was pretty good. Not amazing, but I enjoyed it, and it went nicely with the romantic comedy run I had along with "King Dork", "I Love You, Beth Cooper", "Which Brings Me To You" and "Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist" (recommended by Dewey at www.unshelved.com ).

Posted by: Jay at April 30, 2008 1:50 PM

Sweet. I read Alexie in college (and watched Smoke Signals for the same course) and I loved his straight take on what it's like to live on the rez.

I have my own serious issues with the reservation system but I don't want to get all blowhard.

Posted by: Nicole at April 30, 2008 3:26 PM

I've worked on a reserve too, at an elementary school. The reservation I worked at was stricken with poverty, booze and violence. Maybe because of this background knowledge I didn't find it a light read at all, pretty heart fuckin breaking actually, knowing how hard it is for most kids to survive let alone thrive. The people who do make to adulthood seemingly intact are pretty amazing. There is a push in Canada by some off-reserve Aboriginals to end the reserve system. Most federal funding goes to reserves, the residents who are only a very small portion of the total Aboriginal popualtion. There is way too much history to go into here but most Aboriginals in Canada have already left reserves (or never lived there at all) for big cities.

Posted by: grinder at April 30, 2008 3:33 PM

I originally read this from the comfortability of white middle america. Than I moved to an area with a much higher Native population. And I started to see some of what was purely theoretical (at least for me).

Without being a Native American, there are always still things to relate to: being an outsider, poverty, alcoholism, family disfunction. And there are positive themes throughout the book. While I can understand how it could be seen that Arnold was trying to leave behind his culture, I don't believe it is that simple. It is not just a matter of "rising above" your culture, but rising up and taking with you what is best (the focus on family and community, history, tradition) and leaving behind that which could hold you down (alcoholism, self-loathing, defeatism*). It is a relatable struggle. My parents chose a similar journey when they left behind rural, poor, Oklahoman farms, for a suburban, professional life. They took with them those parts of their culture and heritage that were important to them (strong work ethic, faith, sense of family, respect for the environment and land) while leaving behind in the small town that which they felt was worst (xenophobia, racism, fear of minorities, small mindedness). It's a less extremem journey than that which Alexie portrays (since my parents proved that without enough training you can lose your Okie accent, but you can never lose your skin color), but it is an American journey. A journey not toward uniformity in the melting pot, but one that allows us to take the best of our heritage and leave behind that which could hamper us. At least ideally.

*This is not to say by any means that all Native Americans or even many or any are alcoholic, self-loathing, or defeatist, but rather that those are attitudes portrayed in Alexie's book.

I loved this book, and I'm always glad to see an "adult" site like pajiba reviewing "young adult" or juvenile material. If you have a book you enjoy, don't worry about the label on the side, just read. Also, I am a youth librarian, I almost never read adult literature anymore, but I gobble up juvenile and young adult literature, so I am always glad to be able to chime in on a discussion here.

Posted by: libraryliz at April 30, 2008 6:13 PM

I am going to read this to see if is a little too mature yet for my ten year old. I miss the young adult books! I loved reading them when I was in school. If I check it out of the library will I have to have a cover story?

Posted by: greer at April 30, 2008 7:24 PM

By leaving behind their land for the cities, they are leaving behind their claim to sovereignty. Some do not consider themselves Americans citizens, and demand that the treaties that the US government made with them on a nation-to-nation basis be honored.

When all the Indians leave the reservation, their land claims and claim to sovereignty will be dead, and they will just so-many-more American citizens, not citizens of the Mohawk Nation or the Sioux Nation.

Posted by: Bucko at April 30, 2008 10:55 PM

greer, at my library we welcome any adults into the area so long as they are with youth or are using youth materials. Since librarians tend to appreciate youth books for pure literary quality, than they welcome others who share their love. So you would be welcome at my library anytime, but some libraries are more strict due to fears of predators. Just explain that you want to read a book and you should be fine.

Posted by: libraryliz at May 1, 2008 4:27 PM

Stick with NASCAR Bucko.

Posted by: Pookie at May 1, 2008 11:54 PM

I've spent the last 4 years working on a documentary about this stuff.

And I'd never watch a race where you don't turn both ways. Mostly I'm into baseball, though. Thanks for the suggestion though!

Posted by: Bucko at May 2, 2008 1:48 PM



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